Horizontal Merger:
Involves the combination of businesses operating in the same industry and market, aiming to achieve market dominance and cost synergies.

Vertical Merger:
Integrates companies along the supply chain, such as a manufacturer acquiring a distributor, to streamline operations and reduce costs.

Conglomerate Merger:
Involves entities operating in unrelated industries, expanding diversification and reducing risk by entering new markets. Market

Extension Merger:
Focuses on expanding the market reach of both companies, especially beneficial when entering new geographic regions.

Product Extension Merger:
Merges companies with complementary product lines, broadening the range of offerings without significant overlap.

Global Strategic Alliances:
Collaborative agreements between brands across borders to share resources, technologies, or market access without complete ownership transfer.

Franchising and Licensing:
Brands can enter new markets through partnerships where one brand allows another to operate under its name in a specific region.